Introduction to Kandy: A UNESCO World Heritage City
Kandy is one of the most captivating and spiritually significant cities in Sri Lanka, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its rich history and culture. Nestled in the heart of the central hills, Kandy is a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Sri Lanka. This city is the cultural and spiritual heart of the country, a place where history and religion intertwine in a fascinating way.
Kandy is renowned for its breathtaking landscape, which includes Kandy Lake and the lush green hills surrounding the city center. However, the true gem of Kandy is the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, one of the most sacred sites for Buddhists worldwide. In this article, we will explore the history, architecture, and spirituality of Kandy, with a particular focus on the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic.
What is the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic?
The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa) is one of the most important religious sites in Sri Lanka, considered one of the spiritual wonders of Asia. The sacred tooth relic of Buddha is enshrined within this temple, an object of veneration for Buddhists around the globe. The relic symbolizes the body of Buddha, but more importantly, it represents his wisdom and teachings, which continue to influence millions of people.
At the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, the tooth of Buddha is preserved with great reverence, symbolizing spiritual power and sovereignty. The relic is tied to the tradition that whoever possesses the tooth has the right to the throne of the country, which is why its protection has been of paramount importance to the kings of Kandy throughout the centuries.
The History of the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic
The history of the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic is deeply intertwined with the history of Sri Lanka itself. The sacred tooth relic arrived in Sri Lanka in the 4th century AD and was kept in various locations before being transferred to Kandy. The relic was brought to Sri Lanka by an Indian princess, who hid it in a piece of bamboo for safekeeping.
Over the centuries, the kings of Kandy built and protected the temple, ensuring the relic remained secure. During the colonial period, when Sri Lanka was under European control, the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic continued to hold its significance as a symbol of resistance and cultural identity for the Sinhalese people.
Architecture and Design of the Temple
The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic is a masterpiece of traditional Sinhalese architecture, characterized by a harmonious blend of aesthetic beauty and spiritual meaning. The temple is surrounded by majestic walls and features an entrance adorned with golden ornaments and intricate carvings that depict religious stories. The temple’s design is inspired by Buddhist tradition, but with local influences that make it unique.
One of the most remarkable features of the temple is its Relic Chamber, a sacred space where pilgrims come to pay homage to the tooth of Buddha. The golden ornaments, elaborate carvings, and mural paintings that adorn the walls create a visual spectacle that captivates every visitor.
Ceremonies and Rituals at the Temple
Every day, the temple hosts a ceremony called Pūjā, a ritual where devotees offer flowers, candles, and incense to the sacred tooth relic. This daily ritual is an act of veneration and prayer, symbolizing humility and the pursuit of inner peace.
The temple also hosts major religious events, such as the Esala Perahera, one of the most spectacular Buddhist festivals in Sri Lanka. During this event, thousands of devotees gather to witness a grand parade featuring decorated elephants, traditional dances, and ceremonial music. This festival celebrates not only the sacred tooth relic but also the culture and spiritual traditions of Sri Lanka.
The Sacred Tooth Relic: Myth and Reality
The history of the sacred tooth relic is shrouded in mystery. According to legend, the tooth of Buddha was recovered after his death and brought to India, from where it eventually made its way to Sri Lanka. The relic became a symbol of royal legitimacy, as the king who possessed the tooth was considered the rightful ruler of the country.
While some historians and scholars question the authenticity of these legends, the relic continues to be regarded as a physical manifestation of Buddha’s presence on Earth and is venerated by millions of Buddhists worldwide.
Visiting the Temple: What to Expect
During your visit to the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, you will have the opportunity to explore numerous shrines, museums, and gardens surrounding the temple. Every corner of the temple is rich in history and spiritual significance, with Buddha statues, artistic carvings, and paintings that tell stories related to the life of Buddha and the history of the relic.
To respect religious traditions, it is important to dress appropriately and maintain a respectful demeanor during your visit. Both men and women are required to cover their shoulders and knees, and shoes must be removed before entering the sacred areas.
Esala Perahera: The Festival of the Sacred Tooth Relic
The Esala Perahera is one of the most important festivals in Sri Lanka, held annually in August in Kandy. This spectacular event lasts ten days and culminates in the elephant procession, during which the sacred elephant carrying the tooth relic takes center stage.
During the Esala Perahera, the streets of Kandy come alive with vibrant traditional dances, musicians, and performers who honor Buddha. The event is a fusion of religious faith, cultural art, and tradition that attracts millions of visitors each year.
Kandy Lake: The Natural Beauty Surrounding the Temple
Kandy Lake is an integral part of the spiritual and tourist experience in the city. The lake, located just a short walk from the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, adds a tranquil and serene atmosphere to the visit. The lake’s history dates back to the 18th century when it was created by King Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe.
Today, the lake is a popular spot for leisurely strolls and enjoying the view of the surrounding hills. The lake not only represents natural beauty but also serves as a symbol of peace and spirituality for the locals.
Kandy Today: A Destination for Pilgrimage and Tourism
Kandy remains a must-visit destination for tourists seeking to explore the spirituality and culture of Sri Lanka. Every year, thousands of pilgrims and tourists visit the city to pay homage to the sacred tooth relic and experience the unique charm of Kandy.
The city is not only a religious destination but also a place of great historical and cultural interest. Local traditions, such as cuisine and arts, blend seamlessly with its religious significance, offering a well-rounded experience for visitors.
Q&A Section: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
“Can I see the tooth relic?” No, the sacred tooth relic is kept in a special casket within the Relic Chamber. Visitors cannot see it directly, but they can participate in the religious ceremonies held at the temple.
“What is the best time to visit the temple?” The best time to visit the temple is in the morning, when the daily ceremonies are taking place, and there are fewer crowds. However, if you wish to witness special events, consider visiting during the Esala Perahera.
“How much does it cost to enter the temple?” The entrance fee to the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic varies depending on the season, but it typically ranges between 1500-2000 LKR for foreign tourists.
“What should I wear to visit the temple?” It is necessary to dress respectfully, with shoulders and knees covered. Comfortable walking shoes are recommended, but you will need to remove them before entering the temple.
Tips for Visitors
Before visiting the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, make sure to plan your trip in advance. The temple gardens and surrounding museums are worth exploring, so take your time to wander. Remember to respect local traditions, such as maintaining silence during ceremonies.
Conclusion: Why Kandy is Unique
Kandy is a city that combines natural beauty with profound spirituality. The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic is the beating heart of the city, a place that represents the connection between the past, present, and future of Buddhist culture. Visiting Kandy is a unique experience that enriches anyone who wishes to discover not only Sri Lanka but also the enduring strength of traditions that continue to thrive in every corner of the city.